Roger Cooper, 40, from Coventry and David Cooper, from Leicester, were charged on Friday evening and will appear before magistrates on Saturday.
Coventry warehouse worker Sameena, 34, was last seen at Costco in Torrington Avenue, Tile Hill, on Christmas Eve.
Despite extensive searches by specialist officers her body has not been found.
Det Supt Mark Payne, who is leading the investigation, said: “This is a significant development, our thoughts are with Sameena’s family and friends at this time. This investigation is still very much ongoing, anyone with information is urged to call 101 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.”
The brothers were arrested on Wednesday morning and had been held since then.
Police have searched a home in Hughenden Drive, Leicester as well as nearby grassland, a brook and a park in an effort to find out what happened.
Mrs Imam lived in Cardiff but worked in Coventry. Her car has still not been found.
