Surveys from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted between June 24 and June 30, 2020, found that 40.9% of respondents experienced at least one mental or behavioral health condition. These ranged from symptoms of anxiety, depression, and trauma to starting or increasing substance use. While all humans need social contact, some cope better with less contact than others.
Social deprivation, the reduction or prevention of levels of social interaction considered normal depending on culture, is particularly harmful for adolescents. A 2020 review of studies investigating social isolation and loneliness, published between January 1, 1946, and March 29, 2020, found that these factors strongly predicted later depression in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Additionally, loneliness correlated with an increased risk of mental health problems up to 9 years later in life. An April 2020 article from the European Paediatric Association investigated adolescent mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. The researchers reviewed data from preliminary studies in China and found that those aged 3–18 were more clingy, distracted, irritable, and fearful of asking coronavirus-related questions. They also had trouble sleeping, poor appetites, and separation problems.
Young adults are also vulnerable to the psychological effects of social isolation. An October 2020 study found that in a group of 564 adults aged 22–29 years, 60.7% of whom were female, loneliness increased between January and April–May. This effect was more prevalent in females, as were increased symptoms of depression.
Social isolation can also cause physical symptoms, such as a weakened immune system, an increased risk of diabetes, and an increased risk of death. A 2016 study found a strong link between a poor social life and an elevated risk of inflammation during adolescence. In older adults, a lack of social interaction is linked to a greater risk of hypertension, compared with diabetes.
The CDC cite 2020 estimates that one-third of adults aged 45 or older feel lonely, and almost 1 in 4 adults of 65 or older are socially isolated. This is associated, they report, with health risks, including higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide. However, while older adults may be experiencing significant social isolation from loved ones, this may not necessarily translate into worsening mental health, according to a recent Viewpoint article in JAMA.
