Cardiovascular diseases are a major health concern among South Asians, driven by genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Harroop Singh Bola, co-founder of British Indian Medical Association (BIMA) and recipient of the Diana Award, is leading efforts to raise awareness about this issue.
Inspired by the loss of his grandfather to a heart attack and the prevalence of heart disease in his community, Harroop, with a degree in Cardiovascular Sciences, is committed to promoting better heart health. His work focuses on areas like interventional cardiology, cardiac electrophysiology, and cardiothoracic surgery.
In this interview with Asian Voice, Harroop discusses the factors behind cardiovascular disease, the role of healthcare providers and policymakers, and more.
1) What factors contribute to the higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in South Asians, and what challenges does the community face in addressing them?
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure, is a major global health issue. South Asians are particularly at risk, being at least twice as likely to develop CVD compared to other groups, according to the British Heart Foundation. The World Health Organisation predicts that South Asians will account for 40% of global CVD-related deaths by 2050, reflecting an 85% increase. This underscores the urgent need to address the contributing factors.
Diet plays a significant role in the elevated CVD risk within the South Asian community. Traditional diets, rich in refined carbohydrates like chapattis, rice, and sugary desserts, and high in saturated fats from ghee, butter, and dairy, contribute to poor heart health. For instance, a chapatti contains 120 calories and 20-25 grams of carbohydrates, leading to blood sugar spikes and weight gain. Dairy products like paneer and fried foods further heighten the risk.
The good news is that many cardiovascular risk factors are modifiable. Adopting a balanced diet with fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and minimal processed carbs and unhealthy fats can significantly reduce CVD risk. Managing high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, smoking, and type 2 diabetes through healthier lifestyles and better strategies also plays a critical role. However, research from the South Asian BioBank reveals that even with controlled risk factors, South Asians face a 1.7-fold higher risk of coronary heart disease, highlighting unique genetic and environmental contributors to their elevated CVD risk.
2) What role does health education play in preventing cardiovascular diseases, and how is BIMA ensuring these reaches underserved South Asian populations?
Health education plays a vital role in raising awareness and empowering individuals to make informed lifestyle choices to reduce their cardiovascular risk. Many risk factors can be managed through simple dietary and lifestyle adjustments, such as identifying high-risk foods and replacing them with healthier alternatives. Resources like the South Asian Eatwell Guide provide practical guidance, including tips like using unsaturated oils in moderation and opting for whole-grain flour. Beyond dietary changes, the NHS Health Check Program offers free screening for individuals aged 40–70, enabling early identification and intervention for conditions like heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
Managing conditions like Type 2 diabetes is critical for reducing heart disease risk, with strategies including mindful eating and regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes per week). Support is widely accessible through General Practices, community centres, and faith-based locations like gurudwaras, mandirs, and mosques. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes increasingly affect younger populations, highlighting the importance of starting preventative measures early.
In BIMA, we’ve used social media campaigns to raise awareness about cardiovascular risks and promote healthier lifestyle choices within the South Asian community. During festivals like Diwali, we’ve introduced culturally relevant exercise programs and recipes. As we celebrate our fifth anniversary, we’re launching the National Community Action Project Initiative, aimed at engaging local communities in adopting healthier habits through culturally tailored approaches. We plan to empower British Indian medical students to provide health coaching to the South Asian community, partnering with local centres to reach those who may not be digitally connected, ensuring equitable access to health education and support.
3) How can policymakers and healthcare providers contribute to preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases within this community?
Addressing cardiovascular health in the South Asian community requires targeted public health interventions. Establishing culturally tailored care navigation programmes can encourage sustainable lifestyle changes and build trust through partnerships with local organisations. Hosting health check stalls at community events like Nagar Kirtans or Garbas can further bridge gaps between healthcare services and patients.
Additionally, tackling underrepresentation in healthcare initiatives, such as cancer screenings and clinical research, is vital. The South Asian BioBank collaborates with NHS trusts to provide screenings and gather data, improving understanding of this community's specific health risks. Regular health checks at community hubs and increased South Asian participation in clinical trials should be key healthcare priorities.
Culturally appropriate healthcare advice is crucial for effective interventions. Primary care should use tools like the Eatwell Plate and educational videos during GP visits, while addressing common misconceptions about lifestyle and nutrition. Collaborating with community networks is key to empowering South Asians to take charge of their health. Structured group exercise activities at community centres can help integrate physical activity into daily life. Policymakers and healthcare providers should work with South Asian food producers to create healthier, culturally relevant options. The rise of digital health tools like wearables, remote monitoring, and telerehabilitation offers opportunities for personalised care. Partnering with certified digital content creators on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels can effectively raise awareness and promote evidence-based lifestyle advice.
